NSA litigation tracker
The Docket
Every significant No Surprises Act case we track — who is suing whom, in which court, over what, and the most recent ruling. Each entry links to a sourced case page.
Updated · 22 cases
22 cases shown
- Anthem Blue Cross Life and Health Insurance Co. v. HaloMD, LLC
C.D. Cal. → 9th Cir.Payer v. provider
Status: On appeal
Last ruling: — Appellees' response briefs filed; appeal pending.
- Texas Medical Association v. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (TMA III)
E.D. Tex. → 5th Cir. (en banc)Challenge to rules
Status: Proceeding
Last ruling: — Mandate issued.
- United Healthcare Services, Inc. v. Radiology Partners, Inc.
D. Ariz.Payer v. provider
Status: Settled
Last ruling: — Court advised of settlement; case to be dismissed with prejudice within 45 days absent a stipulation, pending motions denied as moot.
- Anthem Health Plans of Virginia, Inc. v. AGS Health, Inc.
W.D. Va.Payer v. provider
Status: Dismissed
Last ruling: — Motions to dismiss granted; no plausible FAA § 10(a)(1) or (a)(4) vacatur ground; IDR entities do not exceed their powers by deciding eligibility; complaint dismissed with prejudice.
- Blue Cross Blue Shield of Texas v. HaloMD, LLC
E.D. Tex. → 5th Cir.Payer v. provider
Status: On appeal
Last ruling: — Appellant's opening brief filed; appeal pending.
- East Coast Advanced Plastic Surgery, LLC v. Cigna Health and Life Insurance Co.
S.D.N.Y. → 2d Cir.Award enforcement
Status: Final
Last ruling: — Affirmed; the No Surprises Act does not provide a private right of action to enforce payment awards obtained through IDR.
- Aetna Health Inc. v. Radiology Partners, Inc.
M.D. Fla. → 11th Cir.Payer v. provider
Status: On appeal
Last ruling: — Appellees' response brief filed; appeal pending.
- Rowe Plastic Surgery of NJ, LLC v. Aetna Life Insurance Co.
D.N.J.Award enforcement
Status: Dismissed
Last ruling: — Plaintiff's Rule 41(a)(1)(A)(i) notice of voluntary dismissal without prejudice so ordered.
- PHI Health, LLC v. Health Care Service Corp.
N.D. Ill. → 7th Cir.Award enforcement
Status: On appeal
Last ruling: — Appeal consolidated for briefing and disposition with SpecialtyCare, Inc. v. Health Care Service Corp. (Nos. 26-2269 et al.); appellee brief due Oct. 9, 2026.
- Blue Cross Blue Shield Healthcare Plan of Georgia, Inc. v. HaloMD, Inc.
N.D. Ga. → 11th Cir.Payer v. provider
Status: On appeal
Last ruling: — Notice of appeal to the Eleventh Circuit filed.
- UnitedHealthcare Insurance Co. v. Maui Memorial Emergency Medical Associates, Inc.
D. Haw.Payer v. provider
Status: Dismissed
Last ruling: — Motion to dismiss granted in part; fraud claim does not arise under federal law; action dismissed without prejudice and without leave to amend for lack of subject-matter jurisdiction.
- Guardian Flight LLC v. Aetna Life Insurance Co.
D. Conn.Award enforcement
Status: Proceeding
Last ruling: — Providers' motion to dismiss Aetna's counterclaims (fraud, money had and received, CUTPA) granted; bifurcated IDR claims are permitted under the NSA as administered.
- Agag v. Cigna Health and Life Insurance Co.
D. Conn. → 2d Cir.Award enforcement
Status: On appeal
Last ruling: — Cigna's notice of appeal to the Second Circuit filed.
- UnitedHealthcare of Pennsylvania, Inc. v. NorthStar Anesthesia of Pennsylvania, LLC
E.D. Pa.Payer v. provider
Status: Dismissed
Last ruling: — Complaint dismissed without prejudice for lack of subject-matter jurisdiction; fraud claim raised no substantial federal question, and the insurer did not seek vacatur of the IDR award.
- Advanced Vascular Associates v. Horizon Blue Cross Blue Shield of New Jersey
E.D. Pa.Award enforcement
Status: Dismissed
Last ruling: — Horizon's motion for judgment on the pleadings granted and provider's cross-motion to confirm denied; no FAA confirmation and no express or implied private right of action to enforce IDR awards.
- PHI Health, LLC v. Optimum Choice, Inc.
D. Md.Award enforcement
Status: Proceeding
Last ruling: — Motion to dismiss denied; the No Surprises Act authorizes judicial enforcement of an IDR determination when a plan fails to pay; court did not decide whether FAA § 9 separately applies.
- Guardian Flight, L.L.C. v. Health Care Service Corp.
N.D. Tex. → 5th Cir. → SCOTUSAward enforcement
Status: Final
Last ruling: — Petition for a writ of certiorari denied (No. 25-441).
- REACH Air Medical Services LLC v. Kaiser Foundation Health Plan Inc.
M.D. Fla. → 11th Cir.Other
Status: Final
Last ruling: — Affirmed; the NSA incorporates the FAA's limited review, and the complaint did not plausibly allege fraud, undue means or that the IDR entity exceeded its powers.
- Texas Medical Association v. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (TMA II)
E.D. Tex. → 5th Cir.Challenge to rules
Status: Final
Last ruling: — Affirmed the judgment vacating the challenged provisions of the final rule, including universal vacatur as the remedy.
- Texas Medical Association v. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (TMA IV)
E.D. Tex.Challenge to rules
Status: Final
Last ruling: — Summary judgment granted in part: $350 administrative fee guidance (Dec. 23, 2022) and the September 2021 interim final rule's batching provisions vacated and remanded for lack of notice and comment; refunds and deadline extension denied; annual fee-guidance provision upheld.
- Texas Medical Association v. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (TMA I)
E.D. Tex.Challenge to rules
Status: Final
Last ruling: — Government's appeal (No. 22-40264) dismissed on appellant's unopposed motion.
- LifeNet, Inc. v. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (LifeNet I)
E.D. Tex.Challenge to rules
Status: Final
Last ruling: — Final judgment for LifeNet; final sentence of 45 C.F.R. § 149.520(b)(2) and parallel Treasury and Labor provisions of the September 2021 interim final rule vacated.
| Case | Court | Issue | Status | Last ruling |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Anthem Blue Cross Life and Health Insurance Co. v. HaloMD, LLCFiled Jul 7, 2025 | C.D. Cal. → 9th Cir. | Payer v. provider | On appeal | — Appellees' response briefs filed; appeal pending. |
| Texas Medical Association v. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (TMA III)Filed Nov 30, 2022 | E.D. Tex. → 5th Cir. (en banc) | Challenge to rules | Proceeding | — Mandate issued. |
| United Healthcare Services, Inc. v. Radiology Partners, Inc.Filed Aug 8, 2025 | D. Ariz. | Payer v. provider | Settled | — Court advised of settlement; case to be dismissed with prejudice within 45 days absent a stipulation, pending motions denied as moot. |
| Anthem Health Plans of Virginia, Inc. v. AGS Health, Inc.Filed Nov 5, 2025 | W.D. Va. | Payer v. provider | Dismissed | — Motions to dismiss granted; no plausible FAA § 10(a)(1) or (a)(4) vacatur ground; IDR entities do not exceed their powers by deciding eligibility; complaint dismissed with prejudice. |
| Blue Cross Blue Shield of Texas v. HaloMD, LLCFiled Aug 28, 2025 | E.D. Tex. → 5th Cir. | Payer v. provider | On appeal | — Appellant's opening brief filed; appeal pending. |
| East Coast Advanced Plastic Surgery, LLC v. Cigna Health and Life Insurance Co.Filed 2025 | S.D.N.Y. → 2d Cir. | Award enforcement | Final | — Affirmed; the No Surprises Act does not provide a private right of action to enforce payment awards obtained through IDR. |
| Aetna Health Inc. v. Radiology Partners, Inc.Filed Dec 23, 2024 | M.D. Fla. → 11th Cir. | Payer v. provider | On appeal | — Appellees' response brief filed; appeal pending. |
| Rowe Plastic Surgery of NJ, LLC v. Aetna Life Insurance Co.Filed Aug 28, 2025 | D.N.J. | Award enforcement | Dismissed | — Plaintiff's Rule 41(a)(1)(A)(i) notice of voluntary dismissal without prejudice so ordered. |
| PHI Health, LLC v. Health Care Service Corp.Filed Mar 16, 2026 | N.D. Ill. → 7th Cir. | Award enforcement | On appeal | — Appeal consolidated for briefing and disposition with SpecialtyCare, Inc. v. Health Care Service Corp. (Nos. 26-2269 et al.); appellee brief due Oct. 9, 2026. |
| Blue Cross Blue Shield Healthcare Plan of Georgia, Inc. v. HaloMD, Inc.Filed May 27, 2025 | N.D. Ga. → 11th Cir. | Payer v. provider | On appeal | — Notice of appeal to the Eleventh Circuit filed. |
| UnitedHealthcare Insurance Co. v. Maui Memorial Emergency Medical Associates, Inc.Filed Jan 30, 2026 | D. Haw. | Payer v. provider | Dismissed | — Motion to dismiss granted in part; fraud claim does not arise under federal law; action dismissed without prejudice and without leave to amend for lack of subject-matter jurisdiction. |
| Guardian Flight LLC v. Aetna Life Insurance Co.Filed 2024 | D. Conn. | Award enforcement | Proceeding | — Providers' motion to dismiss Aetna's counterclaims (fraud, money had and received, CUTPA) granted; bifurcated IDR claims are permitted under the NSA as administered. |
| Agag v. Cigna Health and Life Insurance Co.Filed Mar 27, 2025 | D. Conn. → 2d Cir. | Award enforcement | On appeal | — Cigna's notice of appeal to the Second Circuit filed. |
| UnitedHealthcare of Pennsylvania, Inc. v. NorthStar Anesthesia of Pennsylvania, LLCFiled Dec 19, 2025 | E.D. Pa. | Payer v. provider | Dismissed | — Complaint dismissed without prejudice for lack of subject-matter jurisdiction; fraud claim raised no substantial federal question, and the insurer did not seek vacatur of the IDR award. |
| Advanced Vascular Associates v. Horizon Blue Cross Blue Shield of New JerseyFiled 2025 | E.D. Pa. | Award enforcement | Dismissed | — Horizon's motion for judgment on the pleadings granted and provider's cross-motion to confirm denied; no FAA confirmation and no express or implied private right of action to enforce IDR awards. |
| PHI Health, LLC v. Optimum Choice, Inc.Filed 2025 | D. Md. | Award enforcement | Proceeding | — Motion to dismiss denied; the No Surprises Act authorizes judicial enforcement of an IDR determination when a plan fails to pay; court did not decide whether FAA § 9 separately applies. |
| Guardian Flight, L.L.C. v. Health Care Service Corp.Filed Aug 18, 2023 | N.D. Tex. → 5th Cir. → SCOTUS | Award enforcement | Final | — Petition for a writ of certiorari denied (No. 25-441). |
| REACH Air Medical Services LLC v. Kaiser Foundation Health Plan Inc.Filed Oct 26, 2022 | M.D. Fla. → 11th Cir. | Other | Final | — Affirmed; the NSA incorporates the FAA's limited review, and the complaint did not plausibly allege fraud, undue means or that the IDR entity exceeded its powers. |
| Texas Medical Association v. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (TMA II)Filed Sep 22, 2022 | E.D. Tex. → 5th Cir. | Challenge to rules | Final | — Affirmed the judgment vacating the challenged provisions of the final rule, including universal vacatur as the remedy. |
| Texas Medical Association v. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (TMA IV)Filed Jan 30, 2023 | E.D. Tex. | Challenge to rules | Final | — Summary judgment granted in part: $350 administrative fee guidance (Dec. 23, 2022) and the September 2021 interim final rule's batching provisions vacated and remanded for lack of notice and comment; refunds and deadline extension denied; annual fee-guidance provision upheld. |
| Texas Medical Association v. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (TMA I)Filed Oct 28, 2021 | E.D. Tex. | Challenge to rules | Final | — Government's appeal (No. 22-40264) dismissed on appellant's unopposed motion. |
| LifeNet, Inc. v. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (LifeNet I)Filed Apr 27, 2022 | E.D. Tex. | Challenge to rules | Final | — Final judgment for LifeNet; final sentence of 45 C.F.R. § 149.520(b)(2) and parallel Treasury and Labor provisions of the September 2021 interim final rule vacated. |
Case summaries are general information drawn from public court records and secondary trackers. They are not legal advice and may not reflect filings made after the date shown. Spot an error or a case we should track? Tell us.
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